Support: Фриз.
Matériau: Известняк.
Description et état du monument : Фриз с двойным рядом листьев острозубчатого аканфа, во вторичном использовании; на верхней, заглаженной стороне граффити и рисунки. Сколы на лицевой стороне, обломан справа.
Frieze with a double row of acanthus-leaf decoration, in secondary use; the smooth front bears graffiti and drawings. Chipped on the surface, and broken on the right.
Dimensions: 9,5/25,0/21,0
Lieu d'origine: Theodoro
Lieu de découverte: Mangup.
Contexte local: Basilica, baptistery, pavement, next to Wall B, on the north side, over Tomb IV.
Conditions de découverte: 1938, excavations of M.A. Tikhanova.
Lieu de conservation: Bakhchisaray, Crimea
Institution de conservation: Bakhchisaray State Historical and Cultural Preserve
Autopsie: August 2013
Observations: Bakhchisaray, Crimea
Fragment 1:
Fragment 2:
Fragment 3:
Champs épigraphique 1: Mid-height, on the left; over the graffito of a head with a halo
Style écriture: Graffito, minuscule
Champs épigraphique 2: Mid-height, on the right side, to the right of Text 1
Style écriture: Graffito, uncial. Letters have light serifs; alpha with a pointy loop, beta with bottom underline, Y-shaped upsilon
Champs épigraphique 3: Bottom left
Style écriture: Graffito, minuscule
Texte 1:
Type de texte :
Invocative inscription.
Datation du texte :IX–XIth centuries C.E.
Justificatif datation: палеография
Datation du texte :
Justificatif datation: палеография
Texte 2:
Type de texte :
Invocative inscription.
Datation du texte :IX–XIth centuries C.E.
Justificatif datation: палеография
Datation du texte :
Justificatif datation: палеография
Texte 3:
Type de texte :
Invocative inscription.
Datation du texte :IX–XIth centuries C.E.
Justificatif datation: палеография
Datation du texte :
Justificatif datation: палеография
Éditions: L1. Yaylenko 1987 , 163; 1.1. SEG 39, 700;
Texte 1
[ΚΕΒΟΗΘΕΙ]ΑΓΑ[ΠΙ]ΟΑΝΑΞΟΠΡΤΟ[Π]Α[Π]Α | [Κ(ύρι)ε, βοήθει (e.g.)] Ἀγα[πί]ο ἀναξ(ί)ο πρ(ω)το[π]α[π]ᾷ (?). |
Traduction :
Господи, помоги (?)] Агапию, недостойному протопопу.
Lord, help (?)] Agapios, unworthy protopope.
Commentaires :
Камень представляет часть того же вторично использованного ранневизантийского карниза, что и V 193 .
Видимо, два фрагмента ранневизантийского
рельефа были вмурованы в стену верхней стороной наружу и использовались для граффити. К сожалению, записи, сделанные во время автопсии
надпиcей на камне, оказались утрачены, и они даются по фотографии. Сверху слева находится еще одна надпись, но она готская
(Виноградов, Коробов 2015).
Титул протопоп известен в Северном Причерноморье по V 345 с Боспора 2 пол. XI в.
Титул протопоп известен в Северном Причерноморье по V 345 с Боспора 2 пол. XI в.
The stone is part of the same Early Byzantine cornice in secondary use as was used for V 193 .
Apparently, two fragments of the Early Byzantine relief had been built into a wall with their top side showing, and that side was then used for graffiti.
Unfortunately, notes that were taken during the physical inspection of monuments in situ, are lost, and the readings offered here are based on the photographs.
At the top left there is one more inscription, but this one is in Gotthic (Vinogradov, Korobov 2015).
The title "protopope" is known in the Northern Black Sea region from V 345 (Bosporus, 2nd half of XIth century).
The title "protopope" is known in the Northern Black Sea region from V 345 (Bosporus, 2nd half of XIth century).
Texte 2
01 ΟΘΕΟΣΤΙΠΡΕΟΣΒΕΙΑΤΟΥΑ[ΓΙΟΥ] 02 ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥΣΩΣΟΝΤ[ΟΝΔΟΥΛΟΝ] 03 ΣΟΥΠΑΠΑΝΓΡΙΓΩΡ[ΙΝΑΝΑΓΝΟΣ] 4 ΤΗΝΑΜΑΡΤΟΛΟΝ[ΑΜΗΝ] |
01 Ὁ θεός, τῖ πρεοσβείᾳ τοῦ ἁ[γίου] 02 Ἰωάννου σῶσον τ[ὸν δοῦλόν] 03 σου παπᾶν Γριγώρ[ιν] [ἀναγνόσ]- 4 την ἁμαρτολόν, [ἀμήν] . |
Traduction :
Боже, по заступничеству святого Иоанна спаси раба Твоего попа Григория, грешного чтеца, аминь.
Lord, by intercedence of St. John, save your servant, priest Gregory, a sinful lector. Amen.
Commentaires :
Надпись издана без изображения; судя по всему, в момент находки ее правый край еще был цел.
Тиханова (Тиханова 1953, 386, прим. 1) не дает чтения надписи, но только перевод: «О Боже, [услышь] просьбу святого Иоанна и спаси раба его, отца Григория, чтеца грешника».
1. Неправильное прочтение строки привело Яйленко к ложному выводу о посвящении крещальни св. Иоанну Предтече. Действительно, упомянутый в надписи св. Иоанн — это, возможно, Иоанн Креститель, однако сам камень, найденный в вымостке, мог изначально находиться не в крещальне. Замена эпсилона на омикрон в слове πρεσβεία находит аналогию в Thür, Taeuber 1994, № 18 (ок. 189 г. до Р.Х.). Формула надписи находит себе ближайшую параллель в Wessel 1989, № 461 (VI в., крипта храма свв. Маркеллина и Петра в Риме): Ὁ θεός, τῇ πρεσβείᾳ τῶν ἁγίων μαρτύρων καὶ τῆς ἁγίας Ἑλενης σῶσον τούς σου δούλους Ἰωαννην καὶ Θωμᾶν (ср. также Grégoire 1929, № 283 (Финекет, Кассосос, V в.): Ὁ θεὸς σῶζε ... τῷ δούλῳ σου; ср. Feissel 1980, 483, № 1). Однако такая формула встречается и в средневизантийское время, например, в Guillou 1996, № 138 (Санта Северина, 1035–1036 гг.): Κύριε ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν, τῇ πρεσβείᾳ ... θεοτόκου, ... Ἀνδρέου καὶ ... Σευηρίνης, μνησθήθη τοῦ δούλου σου ...
2–3. Относительно имени Григорий см. комм. к V 27. Чтецы упоминаются еще в 2 мангупских надписях (V 181 и V 189), которые показывают их значительный статус; см. также ниже.
Тиханова сопоставляет шрифт надписи с V 21, V 56, относящимися к V–VII вв., и с V 47 (IX–X вв.). Заметим, однако, что, пользуясь таким же методом аналогий, Тиханова ошиблась в датировки надписи из Тамани (см. комм. к V 334) на тысячу лет. Однако бета с удлиненной нижней гастой ясно датирует данную надпись IX-X вв. Поэтому ближе к истине предложение Айбабина (1999, 123–124) датировать надпись XI веком в силу употребления при слове чтец титула "поп" (см. Sophocles 1914, 839; однако, попытка Айбабина датировать этим же временем и крещальню связана с ошибкой Яйленко).
Тиханова (Тиханова 1953, 386, прим. 1) не дает чтения надписи, но только перевод: «О Боже, [услышь] просьбу святого Иоанна и спаси раба его, отца Григория, чтеца грешника».
1. Неправильное прочтение строки привело Яйленко к ложному выводу о посвящении крещальни св. Иоанну Предтече. Действительно, упомянутый в надписи св. Иоанн — это, возможно, Иоанн Креститель, однако сам камень, найденный в вымостке, мог изначально находиться не в крещальне. Замена эпсилона на омикрон в слове πρεσβεία находит аналогию в Thür, Taeuber 1994, № 18 (ок. 189 г. до Р.Х.). Формула надписи находит себе ближайшую параллель в Wessel 1989, № 461 (VI в., крипта храма свв. Маркеллина и Петра в Риме): Ὁ θεός, τῇ πρεσβείᾳ τῶν ἁγίων μαρτύρων καὶ τῆς ἁγίας Ἑλενης σῶσον τούς σου δούλους Ἰωαννην καὶ Θωμᾶν (ср. также Grégoire 1929, № 283 (Финекет, Кассосос, V в.): Ὁ θεὸς σῶζε ... τῷ δούλῳ σου; ср. Feissel 1980, 483, № 1). Однако такая формула встречается и в средневизантийское время, например, в Guillou 1996, № 138 (Санта Северина, 1035–1036 гг.): Κύριε ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν, τῇ πρεσβείᾳ ... θεοτόκου, ... Ἀνδρέου καὶ ... Σευηρίνης, μνησθήθη τοῦ δούλου σου ...
2–3. Относительно имени Григорий см. комм. к V 27. Чтецы упоминаются еще в 2 мангупских надписях (V 181 и V 189), которые показывают их значительный статус; см. также ниже.
Тиханова сопоставляет шрифт надписи с V 21, V 56, относящимися к V–VII вв., и с V 47 (IX–X вв.). Заметим, однако, что, пользуясь таким же методом аналогий, Тиханова ошиблась в датировки надписи из Тамани (см. комм. к V 334) на тысячу лет. Однако бета с удлиненной нижней гастой ясно датирует данную надпись IX-X вв. Поэтому ближе к истине предложение Айбабина (1999, 123–124) датировать надпись XI веком в силу употребления при слове чтец титула "поп" (см. Sophocles 1914, 839; однако, попытка Айбабина датировать этим же временем и крещальню связана с ошибкой Яйленко).
The inscription was published without an image; it would appear that at the time of its discovery, the right edge was still preserved.
Tikhanova (1953, 386, n. 1) does not offer a reading of the text, but only a translation: "O, Lord, [hear] and supplication of St. John and save your servant, Father Gregory, a sinful lector."
1. The incorrect reading of the line led Yaylenko to a false conclusion about the dedication of the baptistery to St. John the Precursor. Indeed, St. John of our inscription could be St. John the Baptist, but the stone found in the pavement may not have originally belonged there. An analogy for omicron instead of epsilon in the word πρεσβεία is known from Thür, Taeuber 1994, № 18 (ca. 189 B.C.E.). The formula of this inscription is paralleled in Wessel 1989, № 461 (VIth century., crypt of the church of St. Marcellinus and St. Peter in Rome): Ὁ θεός, τῇ πρεσβείᾳ τῶν ἁγίων μαρτύρων καὶ τῆς ἁγίας Ἑλενης σῶσον τούς σου δούλους Ἰωαννην καὶ Θωμᾶν (cf. also Grégoire 1929, № 283 (Phoenix, Kassosos, Vth century): Ὁ θεὸς σῶζε ... τῷ δούλῳ σου; cf. Feissel 1980, 483, № 1). At the same time, this formula is also attested in Middle Byzantine times, e.g., in Guillou 1996, № 138 (Santa Severina, 1035–1036 C.E.): Κύριε ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν, τῇ πρεσβείᾳ ... θεοτόκου, ... Ἀνδρέου καὶ ... Σευηρίνης, μνησθήθη τοῦ δούλου σου ...
2–3. On the name Gregory (here Grigoris), see commentary to V 27. Lectors are mentioned in two other inscriptions from Mangup (V 181 и V 189), suggesting that their position was of high social consequence; see below.
Tikhanova compares the script of our inscription with that of V 21, V 56, dated to the V–VIIth centuries, as well as with V 47 (IX–Xth century). We should point out, however, that in applying the same method of analogy, Tikhanova has misdated an inscription from Taman (see commentary to V 334) by some one thousand years. Meanwhile, a beta with extended bottom hasta clearly dates this inscription to the IX-Xth centuries. Thus, a suggestion of Aybabin (1999, 123–124) to date the inscription to the XIth century on the basis of the title "pope" used in reference to a lector (see Sophocles 1914, 839; at the same time, Aybabin's proposition to date the baptistery to the same period stems from the mistake of Yaylenko).
Tikhanova (1953, 386, n. 1) does not offer a reading of the text, but only a translation: "O, Lord, [hear] and supplication of St. John and save your servant, Father Gregory, a sinful lector."
1. The incorrect reading of the line led Yaylenko to a false conclusion about the dedication of the baptistery to St. John the Precursor. Indeed, St. John of our inscription could be St. John the Baptist, but the stone found in the pavement may not have originally belonged there. An analogy for omicron instead of epsilon in the word πρεσβεία is known from Thür, Taeuber 1994, № 18 (ca. 189 B.C.E.). The formula of this inscription is paralleled in Wessel 1989, № 461 (VIth century., crypt of the church of St. Marcellinus and St. Peter in Rome): Ὁ θεός, τῇ πρεσβείᾳ τῶν ἁγίων μαρτύρων καὶ τῆς ἁγίας Ἑλενης σῶσον τούς σου δούλους Ἰωαννην καὶ Θωμᾶν (cf. also Grégoire 1929, № 283 (Phoenix, Kassosos, Vth century): Ὁ θεὸς σῶζε ... τῷ δούλῳ σου; cf. Feissel 1980, 483, № 1). At the same time, this formula is also attested in Middle Byzantine times, e.g., in Guillou 1996, № 138 (Santa Severina, 1035–1036 C.E.): Κύριε ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν, τῇ πρεσβείᾳ ... θεοτόκου, ... Ἀνδρέου καὶ ... Σευηρίνης, μνησθήθη τοῦ δούλου σου ...
2–3. On the name Gregory (here Grigoris), see commentary to V 27. Lectors are mentioned in two other inscriptions from Mangup (V 181 и V 189), suggesting that their position was of high social consequence; see below.
Tikhanova compares the script of our inscription with that of V 21, V 56, dated to the V–VIIth centuries, as well as with V 47 (IX–Xth century). We should point out, however, that in applying the same method of analogy, Tikhanova has misdated an inscription from Taman (see commentary to V 334) by some one thousand years. Meanwhile, a beta with extended bottom hasta clearly dates this inscription to the IX-Xth centuries. Thus, a suggestion of Aybabin (1999, 123–124) to date the inscription to the XIth century on the basis of the title "pope" used in reference to a lector (see Sophocles 1914, 839; at the same time, Aybabin's proposition to date the baptistery to the same period stems from the mistake of Yaylenko).
Texte 3
[ΒΟΗ]ΘΗΤΟΝΔΟΥΛΟΝΣΟΥΠΑΤΗΡΜΟΥΠΡΕΣΒΥΤΕΡΟΝΙΩ[ΑΝΝΗΝ---]ΕΤΟΝ uac. ΠΡΟΚΩΠΙΟΥ | [Βοή]θη τὸν δοῦλόν σου, πατήρ μου, πρεσβύτερον Ἰω[άννην ---]ετον Προκωπίου (?). |
Traduction :
Помоги рабу своему, отче мой, пресвитеру Иоанну… Прокопия.
Help, o my father, your servant, presbyter Ioannos... of Prokopios.
Commentaires :
Такой вариант инвокативной формулы в эпиграфике нам неизвестен. «Отче мой» —
возможно, св. Иоанн Предтеча (ср. Текст 2).
2.Строка читается неуверенно. Имя Прокопий известно также из средневизантийских граффити из Херсона (№ V 89.3 и V 90.1).
2.Строка читается неуверенно. Имя Прокопий известно также из средневизантийских граффити из Херсона (№ V 89.3 и V 90.1).
I am not aware of another epigraphic example of such an invocation. "My father" might be a reference to John the Precursor (cf. Text 2)
2. The reading of this line is not secure. The name Prokopios is known from Middle Byzantine inscriptions from Cherson (V 89.3 and V 90.1).
2. The reading of this line is not secure. The name Prokopios is known from Middle Byzantine inscriptions from Cherson (V 89.3 and V 90.1).
Traduction : 1
Lord, help (?)] Agapios, unworthy protopope.
Traduction : 2
Lord, by intercedence of St. John, save your servant, priest Gregory, a sinful lector. Amen.
Traduction : 3
Help, o my father, your servant, presbyter Ioannos... of Prokopios.
Apparat critique : 2
1 : ὅ ἐστι πρεσβεῖα Yaylenko
1 : τῖ τῇ
Commentaires: 1
The stone is part of the same Early Byzantine cornice in secondary use as was used for V 193 .
Apparently, two fragments of the Early Byzantine relief had been built into a wall with their top side showing, and that side was then used for graffiti.
Unfortunately, notes that were taken during the physical inspection of monuments in situ, are lost, and the readings offered here are based on the photographs.
At the top left there is one more inscription, but this one is in Gotthic (Vinogradov, Korobov 2015).
The title "protopope" is known in the Northern Black Sea region from V 345 (Bosporus, 2nd half of XIth century).
The title "protopope" is known in the Northern Black Sea region from V 345 (Bosporus, 2nd half of XIth century).
Commentaires: 2
The inscription was published without an image; it would appear that at the time of its discovery, the right edge was still preserved.
Tikhanova (1953, 386, n. 1) does not offer a reading of the text, but only a translation: "O, Lord, [hear] and supplication of St. John and save your servant, Father Gregory, a sinful lector."
1. The incorrect reading of the line led Yaylenko to a false conclusion about the dedication of the baptistery to St. John the Precursor. Indeed, St. John of our inscription could be St. John the Baptist, but the stone found in the pavement may not have originally belonged there. An analogy for omicron instead of epsilon in the word πρεσβεία is known from Thür, Taeuber 1994, № 18 (ca. 189 B.C.E.). The formula of this inscription is paralleled in Wessel 1989, № 461 (VIth century., crypt of the church of St. Marcellinus and St. Peter in Rome): Ὁ θεός, τῇ πρεσβείᾳ τῶν ἁγίων μαρτύρων καὶ τῆς ἁγίας Ἑλενης σῶσον τούς σου δούλους Ἰωαννην καὶ Θωμᾶν (cf. also Grégoire 1929, № 283 (Phoenix, Kassosos, Vth century): Ὁ θεὸς σῶζε ... τῷ δούλῳ σου; cf. Feissel 1980, 483, № 1). At the same time, this formula is also attested in Middle Byzantine times, e.g., in Guillou 1996, № 138 (Santa Severina, 1035–1036 C.E.): Κύριε ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν, τῇ πρεσβείᾳ ... θεοτόκου, ... Ἀνδρέου καὶ ... Σευηρίνης, μνησθήθη τοῦ δούλου σου ...
2–3. On the name Gregory (here Grigoris), see commentary to V 27. Lectors are mentioned in two other inscriptions from Mangup (V 181 и V 189), suggesting that their position was of high social consequence; see below.
Tikhanova compares the script of our inscription with that of V 21, V 56, dated to the V–VIIth centuries, as well as with V 47 (IX–Xth century). We should point out, however, that in applying the same method of analogy, Tikhanova has misdated an inscription from Taman (see commentary to V 334) by some one thousand years. Meanwhile, a beta with extended bottom hasta clearly dates this inscription to the IX-Xth centuries. Thus, a suggestion of Aybabin (1999, 123–124) to date the inscription to the XIth century on the basis of the title "pope" used in reference to a lector (see Sophocles 1914, 839; at the same time, Aybabin's proposition to date the baptistery to the same period stems from the mistake of Yaylenko).
Tikhanova (1953, 386, n. 1) does not offer a reading of the text, but only a translation: "O, Lord, [hear] and supplication of St. John and save your servant, Father Gregory, a sinful lector."
1. The incorrect reading of the line led Yaylenko to a false conclusion about the dedication of the baptistery to St. John the Precursor. Indeed, St. John of our inscription could be St. John the Baptist, but the stone found in the pavement may not have originally belonged there. An analogy for omicron instead of epsilon in the word πρεσβεία is known from Thür, Taeuber 1994, № 18 (ca. 189 B.C.E.). The formula of this inscription is paralleled in Wessel 1989, № 461 (VIth century., crypt of the church of St. Marcellinus and St. Peter in Rome): Ὁ θεός, τῇ πρεσβείᾳ τῶν ἁγίων μαρτύρων καὶ τῆς ἁγίας Ἑλενης σῶσον τούς σου δούλους Ἰωαννην καὶ Θωμᾶν (cf. also Grégoire 1929, № 283 (Phoenix, Kassosos, Vth century): Ὁ θεὸς σῶζε ... τῷ δούλῳ σου; cf. Feissel 1980, 483, № 1). At the same time, this formula is also attested in Middle Byzantine times, e.g., in Guillou 1996, № 138 (Santa Severina, 1035–1036 C.E.): Κύριε ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν, τῇ πρεσβείᾳ ... θεοτόκου, ... Ἀνδρέου καὶ ... Σευηρίνης, μνησθήθη τοῦ δούλου σου ...
2–3. On the name Gregory (here Grigoris), see commentary to V 27. Lectors are mentioned in two other inscriptions from Mangup (V 181 и V 189), suggesting that their position was of high social consequence; see below.
Tikhanova compares the script of our inscription with that of V 21, V 56, dated to the V–VIIth centuries, as well as with V 47 (IX–Xth century). We should point out, however, that in applying the same method of analogy, Tikhanova has misdated an inscription from Taman (see commentary to V 334) by some one thousand years. Meanwhile, a beta with extended bottom hasta clearly dates this inscription to the IX-Xth centuries. Thus, a suggestion of Aybabin (1999, 123–124) to date the inscription to the XIth century on the basis of the title "pope" used in reference to a lector (see Sophocles 1914, 839; at the same time, Aybabin's proposition to date the baptistery to the same period stems from the mistake of Yaylenko).
Commentaires: 3
I am not aware of another epigraphic example of such an invocation. "My father" might be a reference to John the Precursor (cf. Text 2)
2. The reading of this line is not secure. The name Prokopios is known from Middle Byzantine inscriptions from Cherson (V 89.3 and V 90.1).
2. The reading of this line is not secure. The name Prokopios is known from Middle Byzantine inscriptions from Cherson (V 89.3 and V 90.1).
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© A.Yu. Vinogradov, Irene Polinskaya